Counterpedia · Subject

Wikidata observation

ontology

specification of a conceptualization

Also known as (2)

ontologies · computational ontology

Observations from Wikidata; separate from governed Counterpedia records. Sources, origins and what has been checked

At a glance

Selected recorded observations. Counterpedia has not independently verified them; inspect the statements for sources and alternative or historical context.

subclass of: data model
About this property
A broader class whose members include every member of this class. This is different from an individual being an instance of a class.
Wikidata property P279; Statement & references
different from: thesaurus
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P1889; Statement & references
instance of: field of study
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P31; Statement & references
studied by: ontology engineering
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P2579; Statement & references
has part(s): TBox
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P527; Statement & references
described at URL: https://perso.liris.cnrs.fr/alain.mille/enseignements/Ecole_Centrale/What%20is%20an%20ontology%20and%20why%20we%20need%20it.htm
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P973; Statement & references

How these facts are selected

Up to eight distinct properties with readable names and values. One from each available category comes first, then remaining slots follow property category, property code and source order. This keeps names and family details from crowding out work, dates and geography. Media, external identifiers, unnamed targets and statements with incomplete qualifying context stay in the detailed list. The same rule applies to every subject. Context recorded by Wikidata appears beside each selected fact.

Relationships

Outgoing connections are statements about this subject. A connection is not evidence that another subject supports a claim.

subclass of (P279): data model
Relationship name unavailable: Nicola Guarino
Relationship name unavailable: knowledge graph
subclass of (P279): knowledge base
has part(s) (P527): TBox
different from (P1889): thesaurus
different from (P1889): ontologyRecorded context: Relationship name unavailable: philosophyThis statement has context that cannot be fully shown here. An unresolved name or missing qualification can change how it should be understood.
has part(s) (P527): attribute
subclass of (P279): knowledge organization system
has part(s) (P527): ABox
studied by (P2579): ontology engineering
Relationship name unavailable: Tom Gruber

All projected connections & provider records

You are here

ontology

Other entries this record states a relationship to. Follow one to keep moving through the universe.

Identity & relations

data model— subclass of (P279)stated relationship
knowledge base— subclass of (P279)stated relationship
knowledge organization system— subclass of (P279)stated relationship

Other connections

Nicola Guarino— P3342stated relationship
knowledge graph— P460stated relationship
TBox— has part(s) (P527)stated relationship
thesaurus— different from (P1889)stated relationship
ontology— different from (P1889)stated relationship
attribute— has part(s) (P527)stated relationship
ABox— has part(s) (P527)stated relationship
ontology engineering— studied by (P2579)stated relationship
Tom Gruber— P3342stated relationship

The original records this observation was assembled from, off Counterpedia.

Wikidata: Q324254 ↗

Keep exploring the surrounding neighborhood.

Explore the ontology neighborhood

Assembled from entry read model wikimedia_observation:Q324254, public release sha256:f33228901a35b0683356002a46df9ceb11f399d05f17abb5c7c78256cbf38ba7. This view is served from published release bytes.

Explore incoming and outgoing relationships →

External identifiers (43)

Identifier lookup links, separate from statement references.

BnF: 155081885 ↗
P6366: 166724064
P2581: 00059033n
P3381: Ontology
GND: 4827894-4 ↗
P3417: Ontologies-information-science
P349: 01017770
P7314: ontoloji
P4342: ontologi_-_klassifikasjon_og_indeksering
P2263: 4042
P10407: 1318-2
P13204: j33yd8z8
P5398: 000003169
P8408: OntologyInformationScience
P8168: Q456374
P6611: 3211
P13772: ontology
P11514: ontologiia-v-informatike-3ae8a5
P3417: Ontology
P1149: Q387.4
P5437: c_782eaeb3
P14541: 3fRr5N
P508: 45879
P8189: 987007566587305171
P9100: ontologies
P1014: 300266741
P8814: 06172695-n
P6293: Y159218
P691: ph629087
P3916: concept10081
P10565: 188303
P9100: ontology
P13411: Q2843
P10376: computer-science/ontology
P13591: concept/38a45664-db1d-4e86-ac31-730782fd0459
FAST ID: 1739863
P3417: Ontologies-1
P2347: 22929
Library of Congress (LCCN): sh2005006014 ↗
P646: /m/0d66m
P3911: 29234-2
P1036: 006.332
P9322: 0358861-ontologie-informatika

Sources and origins

Structured observations: Statements in this view were observed in Wikidata. Their source identifiers and carried history remain available for inspection.
Cited references: Works, URLs and identifiers attached to particular statements. A cited locator is not an independently established support finding. Inspect statement references
Retained evidence: This view carries observation data. It does not supply independently captured copies of the cited documents or establish their custody. Discovering a reference does not register a governed Source Record.
Checks: No completed Check is associated with these statements in this view. Check execution is currently unavailable.

These observations are not governed Counterpedia claims. The origin of an observation can differ from the author or publisher of its cited source.

Documentary coverage

Documentary identifiers

No source identifiers recorded

Identifiers Counterpedia can route

No lookup route known

Reference-route hints

Reference route hint recorded

“Routable” means Counterpedia knows an approved provider capability that can investigate the identifier. It does not mean the source has been captured or checked.

Validation state

1. In Wikidata
No source identifiers recorded.
2. Lookup route
No source identifiers recorded.
3. Lookup result
No lookup recorded for this page.
4. Saved copy
No saved copy for this page.
5. Fixed version
No fixed source version for this page.
6. Check result
Not checked.

These stages describe what this page can show from governed subject-scoped records. A lookup route does not mean a source was found; a lookup result does not mean bytes were saved; and a saved copy does not mean a fixed source version or a Check result exists.

Research frontier

Ready to investigate

None of the recorded identifier routes is marked routable.

Still unresolved

43 identifier routes and 33 reference hints remain research inputs rather than governed evidence.

Authority boundary

What this page establishes

It establishes what the retained Wikimedia observation contains and what investigation paths Counterpedia can describe from that material.

What it does not establish

A Wikidata statement is not automatically Counterpedia evidence.
A routable identifier is not a captured source.
A captured representation is not automatically a fixed source version.
A fixed source version is not automatically a Check result.
Graph proximity and reference counts are not support or corroboration.
A provider observation and candidate locator do not establish source bytes or support.

Presentation contract

Stage template: counterpedia.reader.profile.v1
Counterpedia composition: counterpedia.product.subject.profile.v1

Statements & recorded references

Open a statement to see the references attached to it. Context can limit when, where or how a statement applies. Recorded source URLs, identifier resolvers and source works describe where Wikidata points; none establishes source support or a completed Check.

Check execution is unavailable in this preview. Exact recorded locators remain available to inspect and open.

subclass of: data model1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
A broader class whose members include every member of this class. This is different from an individual being an instance of a class.
Wikidata property P279
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P279",
  "targetRef": "Q1172480",
  "targetLabel": "data model",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P1476",
      "P2093",
      "P407",
      "P577",
      "P813",
      "P854",
      "P98"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "187b1eec3796c49ca65f85d746943d45b5a652e8"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: Nicola GuarinoReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P3342
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P3342",
  "targetRef": "Q654102",
  "targetLabel": "Nicola Guarino"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: knowledge graphReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P460
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P460",
  "targetRef": "Q33002955",
  "targetLabel": "knowledge graph"
}
```
subclass of: knowledge baseReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
A broader class whose members include every member of this class. This is different from an individual being an instance of a class.
Wikidata property P279
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P279",
  "targetRef": "Q593744",
  "targetLabel": "knowledge base"
}
```
has part(s): TBoxReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P527
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P527",
  "targetRef": "Q7690598",
  "targetLabel": "TBox"
}
```
different from: thesaurus1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P1889
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1889",
  "targetRef": "Q17152639",
  "targetLabel": "thesaurus",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "f92e14ab5e5c29e8092d808968bcaabcdd446864"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```

different from: ontology1 recorded referenceRecorded context: Relationship name unavailable: philosophyThis statement has context that cannot be fully shown here. An unresolved name or missing qualification can change how it should be understood.

Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.

About this property

This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.

Wikidata property P1889

No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.

Qualifiers

Relationship name unavailable: philosophy

Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail

{
  "predicate": "P1889",
  "targetRef": "Q44325",
  "targetLabel": "ontology",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P3452"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "47f2bdb093d9f06deac9e6048952f28a02db64c6"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  },
  "qualifiers": {
    "observedSnakCount": 1,
    "retainedSnaks": [
      {
        "propertyPid": "P1013",
        "valueLabel": "philosophy",
        "datatype": "wikibase-item",
        "datavalue": {
          "type": "wikibase-entityid",
          "value": {
            "entity-type": "item",
            "id": "Q5891",
            "numeric-id": 5891
          }
        },
        "snaktype": "value"
      }
    ],
    "truncated": false
  }
}

has part(s): attribute1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P527
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P527",
  "targetRef": "Q2722260",
  "targetLabel": "attribute",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "7456cd10d158709cc4c18b424ed472533c6dacd4"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
subclass of: knowledge organization systemReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
A broader class whose members include every member of this class. This is different from an individual being an instance of a class.
Wikidata property P279
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P279",
  "targetRef": "Q6423319",
  "targetLabel": "knowledge organization system"
}
```
has part(s): ABoxReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P527
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P527",
  "targetRef": "Q4668674",
  "targetLabel": "ABox"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: 10011147Reference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P2179
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P2179",
  "literalValue": "10011147"
}
```
studied by: ontology engineeringReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P2579
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P2579",
  "targetRef": "Q1027508",
  "targetLabel": "ontology engineering"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: Tom GruberReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P3342
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P3342",
  "targetRef": "Q7816025",
  "targetLabel": "Tom Gruber"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: https://stackoverflow.com/tags/ontologyReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P1482
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1482",
  "literalValue": "https://stackoverflow.com/tags/ontology"
}
```
Commons category: OntologyReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P373
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P373",
  "literalValue": "Ontology"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: computational ontology (en)3 recorded references
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P1705
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1705",
  "literalValue": {
    "language": "en",
    "text": "computational ontology"
  },
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 3,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "6cfa679397f0836757a763d42846fb8921859491",
      "d34d0489ebbe9c6b53ef30cf136490785af57c64",
      "54c944a5b8d75df03b717aea5d54a8cc4509ed7e"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/OntologyReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P2888
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P2888",
  "literalValue": "http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Ontology"
}
```
subclass of: data schemaReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
A broader class whose members include every member of this class. This is different from an individual being an instance of a class.
Wikidata property P279
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P279",
  "targetRef": "Q1397073",
  "targetLabel": "data schema"
}
```
has part(s): relation2 recorded referencesRecorded context: Relationship name unavailable: relationshipThis statement has context that cannot be fully shown here. An unresolved name or missing qualification can change how it should be understood.
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P527
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Qualifiers
Relationship name unavailable: relationship
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P527",
  "targetRef": "Q930933",
  "targetLabel": "relation",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 2,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "7456cd10d158709cc4c18b424ed472533c6dacd4",
      "b300ab9e68a25ec6cc5796b5a9650b99cd4d801a"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  },
  "qualifiers": {
    "observedSnakCount": 1,
    "retainedSnaks": [
      {
        "propertyPid": "P1932",
        "datatype": "string",
        "datavalue": {
          "type": "string",
          "value": "relationship"
        },
        "snaktype": "value"
      }
    ],
    "truncated": false
  }
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: knowledge graph1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P1269
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1269",
  "targetRef": "Q33002955",
  "targetLabel": "knowledge graph",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P1476",
      "P2093",
      "P407",
      "P577",
      "P813",
      "P854",
      "P98"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "187b1eec3796c49ca65f85d746943d45b5a652e8"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
different from: ontologyReference count not carriedRecorded context: Relationship name unavailable: Wikimedia disambiguation pageThis statement has context that cannot be fully shown here. An unresolved name or missing qualification can change how it should be understood.
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P1889
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Qualifiers
Relationship name unavailable: Wikimedia disambiguation page
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1889",
  "targetRef": "Q347424",
  "targetLabel": "ontology",
  "qualifiers": {
    "observedSnakCount": 1,
    "retainedSnaks": [
      {
        "propertyPid": "P1013",
        "valueLabel": "Wikimedia disambiguation page",
        "datatype": "wikibase-item",
        "datavalue": {
          "type": "wikibase-entityid",
          "value": {
            "entity-type": "item",
            "id": "Q4167410",
            "numeric-id": 4167410
          }
        },
        "snaktype": "value"
      }
    ],
    "truncated": false
  }
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: Barry SmithReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P3342
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P3342",
  "targetRef": "Q809101",
  "targetLabel": "Barry Smith"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: knowledge base1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P1269
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1269",
  "targetRef": "Q593744",
  "targetLabel": "knowledge base",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P1476",
      "P2093",
      "P407",
      "P813",
      "P854",
      "P98"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "f7373787bdb7436779d4775b6aef75df4d65b2ef"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```

studied by: computer science9 recorded references

Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.

About this property

This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.

Wikidata property P2579

No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.

Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail

{
  "predicate": "P2579",
  "targetRef": "Q21198",
  "targetLabel": "computer science",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 9,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854",
      "P8814"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "e8507f32f80ed850eab2c2eade6b6196b798cbd7",
      "52b052cc6ee69458a492ff03ec0636fa6627b380",
      "b85c80998bef40c1121770e6108fff04f2fc2a16",
      "7370cb113c32c1f00bf2c36a446f77b0b1e83e5c",
      "e4b86d56658efdc319e5eed26200ffec66bcf248",
      "92ca06713dd2d848b32cf5c918c5a34af817cbee",
      "bfa9f910938eebd2a93485f7f6035737eec48301",
      "32b647676d141f507bd103167d062ed1e7359b1e"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": true
  }
}

has part(s): class2 recorded references
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P527
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P527",
  "targetRef": "Q16889133",
  "targetLabel": "class",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 2,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P1932",
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "db9acb0890e88d827f76149e907d07dec3725fb5",
      "b300ab9e68a25ec6cc5796b5a9650b99cd4d801a"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
different from: taxonomyReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P1889
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1889",
  "targetRef": "Q7211",
  "targetLabel": "taxonomy"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: frame-based expert systemReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P1535
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1535",
  "targetRef": "Q59138925",
  "targetLabel": "frame-based expert system"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: knowledge representationReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P1269
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1269",
  "targetRef": "Q109642276",
  "targetLabel": "knowledge representation"
}
```
instance of: field of studyReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P31
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P31",
  "targetRef": "Q2267705",
  "targetLabel": "field of study"
}
```
topic’s main category: Category:Ontology (information science)Reference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P910
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P910",
  "targetRef": "Q8700806",
  "targetLabel": "Category:Ontology (information science)"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: controlled vocabulary1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P2283
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P2283",
  "targetRef": "Q1469824",
  "targetLabel": "controlled vocabulary",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "8126139bb3bdc7a751ff8a50024dd52e99dc793b"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
described at URL: https://perso.liris.cnrs.fr/alain.mille/enseignements/Ecole_Centrale/What%20is%20an%20ontology%20and%20why%20we%20need%20it.htmReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P973
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P973",
  "literalValue": "https://perso.liris.cnrs.fr/alain.mille/enseignements/Ecole_Centrale/What%20is%20an%20ontology%20and%20why%20we%20need%20it.htm"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: http://w3id.org/nkos/nkostype#ontologyReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P2888
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P2888",
  "literalValue": "http://w3id.org/nkos/nkostype#ontology"
}
```
studied by: natural language processing1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P2579
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P2579",
  "targetRef": "Q30642",
  "targetLabel": "natural language processing",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "914baf0bfd6a2a08789751fd725210521872a8b9"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
studied by: knowledge engineering1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P2579
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P2579",
  "targetRef": "Q1540472",
  "targetLabel": "knowledge engineering",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "914baf0bfd6a2a08789751fd725210521872a8b9"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: classificationReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P828
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P828",
  "targetRef": "Q13582682",
  "targetLabel": "classification"
}
```

studied by: information science3 recorded referencesRecorded context: Relationship name unavailable: information scienceThis statement has context that cannot be fully shown here. An unresolved name or missing qualification can change how it should be understood.

Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.

About this property

This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.

Wikidata property P2579

No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.

Qualifiers

Relationship name unavailable: information science

Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail

{
  "predicate": "P2579",
  "targetRef": "Q16387",
  "targetLabel": "information science",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 3,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P1932",
      "P50",
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "fd26861a16c49f24a32f35587f1b8ee643cf7321",
      "6a9bb571f4c63c6469c758e81062af7c8fe6f2cf",
      "39fe56e46482d3e045ae3ad7f6e1b972b639214e"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  },
  "qualifiers": {
    "observedSnakCount": 1,
    "retainedSnaks": [
      {
        "propertyPid": "P1932",
        "datatype": "string",
        "datavalue": {
          "type": "string",
          "value": "information science"
        },
        "snaktype": "value"
      }
    ],
    "truncated": false
  }
}

Relationship name unavailable: artificial intelligence researcher1 recorded reference
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P3938
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P3938",
  "targetRef": "Q15976092",
  "targetLabel": "artificial intelligence researcher",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "e4b86d56658efdc319e5eed26200ffec66bcf248"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```

subclass of: specification1 recorded referenceRecorded context: Relationship name unavailable: named value unavailable in this release; Relationship name unavailable: named value unavailable in this releaseThis statement has context that cannot be fully shown here. An unresolved name or missing qualification can change how it should be understood.

Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.

About this property

A broader class whose members include every member of this class. This is different from an individual being an instance of a class.

Wikidata property P279

No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.

Qualifiers

Relationship name unavailable: named value unavailable in this release

Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail

{
  "predicate": "P279",
  "targetRef": "Q2101564",
  "targetLabel": "specification",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 1,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P1476",
      "P2093",
      "P2701",
      "P407",
      "P5017",
      "P813",
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "194b10c859a343481b07c8eafe3ec9db9d2dd077"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  },
  "qualifiers": {
    "observedSnakCount": 2,
    "retainedSnaks": [
      {
        "propertyPid": "P13044",
        "datatype": "wikibase-item",
        "datavalue": {
          "type": "wikibase-entityid",
          "value": {
            "entity-type": "item",
            "id": "Q17008777",
            "numeric-id": 17008777
          }
        },
        "snaktype": "value"
      },
      {
        "propertyPid": "P1552",
        "datatype": "wikibase-item",
        "datavalue": {
          "type": "wikibase-entityid",
          "value": {
            "entity-type": "item",
            "id": "Q13402218",
            "numeric-id": 13402218
          }
        },
        "snaktype": "value"
      }
    ],
    "truncated": false
  }
}

Relationship name unavailable: Semantic WebReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P1535
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1535",
  "targetRef": "Q54837",
  "targetLabel": "Semantic Web"
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: Named value unavailable; inspect recorded detailReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P1552
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P1552",
  "targetRef": "Q105227892",
  "targetLabel": "Q105227892"
}
```
studied by: Named value unavailable; inspect recorded detail3 recorded references
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P2579
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P2579",
  "targetRef": "Q11660",
  "targetLabel": "Q11660",
  "referencesSummary": {
    "referenceCount": 3,
    "referencePropertyPids": [
      "P854"
    ],
    "referenceHashes": [
      "c81e11931cc6a4f3de38f66ec04c71bdda45eddd",
      "914baf0bfd6a2a08789751fd725210521872a8b9",
      "b300ab9e68a25ec6cc5796b5a9650b99cd4d801a"
    ],
    "propertyPidSummaryTruncated": false,
    "referenceHashSummaryTruncated": false
  }
}
```
has part(s): Named value unavailable; inspect recorded detailReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P527
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P527",
  "targetRef": "Q108542769",
  "targetLabel": "Q108542769"
}
```
described at URL: https://tomgruber.org/writing/onto-design.pdfReference count not carriedRecorded context: Relationship name unavailable: 1993This statement has context that cannot be fully shown here. An unresolved name or missing qualification can change how it should be understood.
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
This names the relationship or attribute recorded by Wikidata. Any context shown beside it qualifies this particular statement.
Wikidata property P973
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Qualifiers
Relationship name unavailable: 1993
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P973",
  "literalValue": "https://tomgruber.org/writing/onto-design.pdf",
  "qualifiers": {
    "observedSnakCount": 1,
    "retainedSnaks": [
      {
        "propertyPid": "P577",
        "datatype": "time",
        "datavalue": {
          "type": "time",
          "value": {
            "after": 0,
            "before": 0,
            "calendarmodel": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727",
            "precision": 9,
            "time": "+1993-00-00T00:00:00Z",
            "timezone": 0
          }
        },
        "snaktype": "value"
      }
    ],
    "truncated": false
  }
}
```
Relationship name unavailable: Named value unavailable; inspect recorded detailReference count not carried
Observation origin: Wikidata. References below are citations attached to this statement, not independently captured evidence.
About this property
The readable name for this property is unavailable here. Its code and exact recorded value are preserved; the code alone does not explain the relationship.
Wikidata property P3342
No exact source locator is carried for this statement in this view.
Statement identity, reference hashes and carried detail
```
{
  "predicate": "P3342",
  "targetRef": "Q102109578",
  "targetLabel": "Q102109578"
}
```

Continue exploring

Inspect all recorded statements in pages →

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Data and provenance

Wikidata entity IDs are external identifiers, not Counterpedia canonical subject identities. Rendering this page does not mint a governed identity. Release identities and artifact hashes identify the data used for this view; none establishes verification.

Provenance rows: 92
Acquisition repository: thelaplage/counterpedia-acquisition
Acquisition revision: e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1, 891f24c5cca64aa69b1dc1b2150e991b940171b0
Provider identity · Observation origin: Wikidata · External entity ID: Q324254 on Wikidata ↗
Served release: sha256:f33228901a35b0683356002a46df9ceb11f399d05f17abb5c7c78256cbf38ba7

No exact claim–source–Check association has been supplied to this page. Recorded references do not establish verification.

graph_membership != truth
graph_edge != support
repeated_identifier != independent_corroboration
projection != admission
Serving a published subset: joined entities + 1-hop neighborhood of 35,994 exact Wikipedia–Wikidata title matches.

Carried provenance rows

[
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      "acquisition_repo": "thelaplage/counterpedia-acquisition",
      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_aliases",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:54513a455dbedcb4d99ff1fc723aba0305ee1717e16c1fb555bfb23927697455",
      "output_file": "aliases.ndjson",
      "row_index": 23978,
      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-aliases@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_aliases",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:4ae76d475d4a03f46c77364ae6cd5f7cb61f76234a72138db2c08221a6714d51",
      "output_file": "aliases.ndjson",
      "row_index": 23979,
      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-aliases@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:e4d8591828e313d2e0ce8ff97ebc1de73cd6cf898a4776564775ea37c2424044",
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    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:7a1ebbda0b219db52f6902f4737b9b5b4c640ee5dac7e7f5af122b4f1db7781d",
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      "row_index": 483823,
      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-identifiers@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
      "acquisition_repo": "thelaplage/counterpedia-acquisition",
      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:9f4e948792c52ead35249dc1eba968ba4a71628b7a4667c3e1219baeec4ffe91",
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      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-identifiers@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
      "acquisition_repo": "thelaplage/counterpedia-acquisition",
      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:97504b7e5d838964040e03e417f18bf9b3b539708116fc8fe9c0620de0b6d575",
      "output_file": "identifiers.ndjson",
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  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
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      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-identifiers@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:9f706d25e66c89c3ef42df772363be2363b645a73e666dbebb239e8b00c1e321",
      "output_file": "identifiers.ndjson",
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      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-identifiers@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:426242719a63da200363e5c0b5cfcbd80590d982e8a521ca931b13dd4443f477",
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      "row_index": 483841,
      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-identifiers@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
      "acquisition_repo": "thelaplage/counterpedia-acquisition",
      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:85ee9c87405f880d755e380244d54c9a5bac60992dbbf42b373823b47612bda3",
      "output_file": "identifiers.ndjson",
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      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-identifiers@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:e03d23a7b4a2f76916f71b9cd95d5a76fe7efd2d689aa8dcb727e8d4308747a5",
      "output_file": "identifiers.ndjson",
      "row_index": 483819,
      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-identifiers@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_external_ids",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:ebca28292855f0d5bef2cbcbfcf064e7f4c06cac16e98125af92a22f66e8e0ec",
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    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
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      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_relationships",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:9152673f8df39213fc84274a69ae7eea47e65bff1b8808d45ecb6d0a0cef8790",
      "output_file": "relationships.ndjson",
      "row_index": 569044,
      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-relationships@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
      "acquisition_repo": "thelaplage/counterpedia-acquisition",
      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_relationships",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:1ffbac84afd4d3f2a33e500009f2dfb5fa62e064eff89229f94b3bc4c562721e",
      "output_file": "relationships.ndjson",
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      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-relationships@2026-08-24"
    }
  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
      "acquisition_repo": "thelaplage/counterpedia-acquisition",
      "acquisition_revision": "e6add6a4d8e1668a9ac486407e52974724563ce1",
      "family": "wikidata_enwiki_sitelinks",
      "input_row_digest": "sha256:d76788bb1d525751eab5508b721ea376cebb24a74b645d1932f360e919058391",
      "output_file": "wikipedia_sitelinks.ndjson",
      "row_index": 16275,
      "snapshot_id": "wikidata-widen0-848k-sitelinks@2026-08-24"
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  },
  {
    "family": "wikimedia_graph_row",
    "detail": {
      "acquisition_repo": "thelaplage/counterpedia-acquisition",
      "acquisition_revision": "891f24c5cca64aa69b1dc1b2150e991b940171b0",
      "family": "wikipedia_wikidata_join",
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      "output_file": "wikipedia_wikidata_links.ndjson",
      "row_index": 23753,
      "snapshot_id": "wikimedia-demo-join0@2026-08-28"
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]

Classification identities

[
  {
    "classQid": "Q2267705",
    "label": "field of study",
    "href": "/browse/types/Q2267705"
  }
]

Wikidata content CC0; Wikipedia titles CC BY-SA — attribution.